Liver diseases, both acute and chronic, present clinical challenges with high morbidity and mortality rates. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein plays a significant role in liver injury caused by various factors, influencing inflammatory responses in conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease. HMGB1 binds to receptors, triggering inflammation and liver damage, while its post-translational modifications regulate its activity. In acute liver diseases, HMGB1 promotes immune responses and inflammation, while in chronic liver diseases, it has dual roles in inflammation and protection. Therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB1 show promise in mitigating liver damage and inflammation, offering new treatment avenues.
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HMGB1 as a key mediator in liver disease pathogenesis
