Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a significant global health issue, with the most common type being head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Risk factors for HNC include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, HPV infection, and poor oral hygiene. Treatment for HNC involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, irradiation, immunotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Biomarkers are being explored to aid in diagnosis and treatment. Pain management, particularly related to radiation-induced xerostomia, is essential for improving the quality of life for HNC patients. Overall, further research is needed to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for HNC.
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