The Scandinavian social democracies are known for their excellent public services supported by high taxation, productivity, education, and equality. Norway in 2021 had a tax-to-GDP ratio of 42.2% compared to 33.5% in the UK and 24.5% in the US, with low income inequality (Gini coefficient of 22.7). However, can other nations replicate this model? The virtuous cycle of welfare, equality, happiness, and trusted institutions in Scandinavia makes it difficult to determine cause and effect. Scandinavians expect and receive high-quality public services, but whether this can be replicated elsewhere remains uncertain.
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Weathering storms together: the stories behind Scandinavian support for high taxes
