A review of prostate cancer vaccines explores the progress and challenges in using immunotherapy to treat the disease. Prostate cancer is difficult to treat with standard approaches like ADT, and new therapies are needed. Vaccines that introduce tumor antigens to activate the immune system show promise, but face challenges like tumor heterogeneity. Different types of vaccines, including dendritic cell, cellular, peptide, nucleic acid, and viral vaccines, are being studied for their effectiveness in reducing PSA levels and treating CRPC and mCRPC. While promising, further research is needed to validate these findings and improve the accessibility and effectiveness of prostate cancer vaccines.
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Progress, challenges, and future directions
