A recent Cochrane review found that the dental health benefits of water fluoridation may be smaller now than before fluoride toothpaste was widely available. Studies suggest that water fluoridation may slightly reduce tooth decay in children, but the benefits have declined since the 1970s. There is uncertainty about the effectiveness of more recent fluoridation schemes. While advocates suggest that water fluoridation reduces oral health inequalities, the evidence is inconclusive. Other preventive measures, such as addressing high sugar consumption and promoting better oral health behaviors, may be more effective in improving oral health. More research is needed to fully understand the impact of water fluoridation on dental health.
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