A study published in the Journal of Public Health found that household income in early childhood is a better predictor of major health-related problems for 17-year-olds than growing up in a poor neighborhood. The Index of Multiple Deprivation, used to assess neighborhoods in the UK, has limitations in representing individual socioeconomic status compared to household income. Data from the Millennium Cohort Study revealed that household income had more consistent impacts on health outcomes than neighborhood poverty. The study suggests that family income is a stronger predictor of health and educational outcomes for adolescents than neighborhood deprivation.
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